HYMN XC. PURUṢA.


सहस्रशीर्षाsahasraśīrṣā पुरुषःpuruṣaḥ सहस्राक्षःsahasrākṣaḥ सहस्रपातsahasrapāt |

सभूमिंsabhūmiṃ विश्वतोviśvato वर्त्वात्यतिष्ठदvṛtvātyatiṣṭhad दशाङगुलमdaśāṅghulam ||

A THOUSAND heads hath Puruṣa, a thousand eyes, a thousand feet.
On every side pervading earth he fills a space ten fingers wide.
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पुरुषpuruṣa एवेदंevedaṃ सर्वंsarvaṃ यदyad भूतंbhūtaṃ यच्चyacca भव्यमbhavyam |

उताम्र्तत्वस्येशानोutāmṛtatvasyeśāno यदन्नेनातिरोहतिyadannenātirohati ||

This Puruṣa is all that yet hath been and all that is to be;
The Lord of Immortality which waxes greater still by food.
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एतावानस्यetāvānasya महिमातोmahimāto जयायांश्चjyāyāṃśca पूरुषःpūruṣaḥ |

पादो.अस्यविश्वाpādo.asyaviśvā भूतानिbhūtāni तरिपादस्याम्र्तंtripādasyāmṛtaṃ दिविdivi ||

So mighty is his greatness; yea, greater than this is Puruṣa.
All creatures are one-fourth of him, three-fourths eternal life in heaven.
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तरिपादूर्ध्वtripādūrdhva उदैतudait पुरुषःpuruṣaḥ पादो.अस्येहाभवतpādo.asyehābhavat पुनःpunaḥ |

ततोtato विष्वंviṣvaṃ वयक्रामतvyakrāmat साशनानशनेsāśanānaśane अभिabhi ||

With three-fourths Puruṣa went up: one-fourth of him again was here.
Thence he strode out to every side over what cats not and what cats.
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तस्मादtasmād विराळvirāḷ अजायतajāyata विराजोvirājo अधिadhi पूरुषःpūruṣaḥ |

सsa जातोत्यरिच्यतjātoatyaricyata पश्चादpaścād भूमिमथोbhūmimatho पुरःpuraḥ ||

From him Virāj was born; again Puruṣa from Virāj was born.
As soon as he was born he spread eastward and westward o’er the earth.
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यतyat पुरुषेणpuruṣeṇa हविषाhaviṣā देवाdevā यज्ञमतन्वतyajñamatanvata |

वसन्तोस्यासीदाज्यंvasantoasyāsīdājyaṃ गरीष्मghrīṣma इध्मःidhmaḥ शरदśarad धविःdhaviḥ ||

When Gods prepared the sacrifice with Puruṣa as their offering,
Its oil was spring, the holy gift was autumn; summer was the wood.
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तंtaṃ यज्ञंyajñaṃ बर्हिषिbarhiṣi परौक्षनpraukṣan पुरुषंpuruṣaṃ जातमग्रतःjātamaghrataḥ |

तेनtena देवाdevā अयजन्तayajanta साध्याsādhyā रषयश्चṛṣayaśca येye ||

They balmed as victim on the grass Puruṣa born in earliest time.
With him the Deities and all Sādhyas and Ṛṣis sacrificed.
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तस्मादtasmād यज्ञातyajñāt सर्वहुतःsarvahutaḥ सम्भ्र्तंsambhṛtaṃ पर्षदाज्यमpṛṣadājyam |

पशून्तांश्चक्रेpaśūntāṃścakre वायव्यानारण्यानvāyavyānāraṇyān गराम्याश्चghrāmyāśca येye ||

From that great general sacrifice the dripping fat was gathered up.
He formed the creatures of-the air, and animals both wild and tame.
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तस्मादtasmād यज्ञातyajñāt सर्वहुतsarvahuta रचःṛcaḥ सामानिsāmāni जज्ञिरेjajñire |

छन्दांसिजज्ञिरेchandāṃsijajñire तस्मादtasmād यजुस्तस्मादजायतyajustasmādajāyata ||

From that great general sacrifice Ṛcas and Sāma-hymns were born:
Therefrom were spells and charms produced; the Yajus had its birth from it.
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तस्मादश्वाtasmādaśvā अजायन्तajāyanta येye केke चोभयादतःcobhayādataḥ |

गावोghāvo हजज्ञिरेhajajñire तस्मातtasmāt तस्माज्जाताtasmājjātā अजावयःajāvayaḥ ||

From it were horses born, from it all cattle with two rows of teeth:
From it were generated kine, from it the goats and sheep were born.
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यतyat पुरुषंpuruṣaṃ वयदधुःvyadadhuḥ कतिधाkatidhā वयकल्पयनvyakalpayan |

मुखंmukhaṃ किमस्यkimasya कौkau बाहूbāhū काkā ऊरूūrū पादाpādā उच्येतेucyete ||

When they divided Puruṣa how many portions did they make?
What do they call his mouth, his arms? What do they call his thighs and feet?
10.90.11

बराह्मणो.अस्यbrāhmaṇo.asya मुखमासीदmukhamāsīd बाहूbāhū राजन्यःrājanyaḥ कर्तःkṛtaḥ |

ऊरूतदस्यūrūtadasya यदyad वैश्यःvaiśyaḥ पद्भ्यांpadbhyāṃ शूद्रोśūdro अजायतajāyata ||

The Brahman was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rājanya made.
His thighs became the Vaiśya, from his feet the Śūdra was produced.
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चन्द्रमाcandramā मनसोmanaso जातश्चक्षोःjātaścakṣoḥ सूर्योsūryo अजायतajāyata |

मुखादिन्द्रश्चाग्निश्चmukhādindraścāghniśca पराणादprāṇād वायुरजायतvāyurajāyata ||

The Moon was gendered from his mind, and from his eye the Sun had birth;
Indra and Agni from his mouth were born, and Vāyu from his breath.
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नाभ्याnābhyā आसीदन्तरिक्षंāsīdantarikṣaṃ शीर्ष्णोśīrṣṇo दयौःdyauḥ समवर्ततsamavartata |

पद्भ्यांpadbhyāṃ भूमिर्दिशःbhūmirdiśaḥ शरोत्रातśrotrāt तथाtathā लोकानकल्पयनlokānakalpayan ||

Forth from his navel came mid-air the sky was fashioned from his head
Earth from his feet, and from his car the regions. Thus they formed the worlds.
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सप्तास्यासनsaptāsyāsan परिधयस्त्रिःparidhayastriḥ सप्तsapta समिधःsamidhaḥ कर्ताःkṛtāḥ |

देवायदdevāyad यज्ञंyajñaṃ तन्वानाtanvānā अबध्ननabadhnan पुरुषंpuruṣaṃ पशुमpaśum ||

Seven fencing-sticks had he, thrice seven layers of fuel were prepared,
When the Gods, offering sacrifice, bound, as their victim, Puruṣa.
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यज्ञेनyajñena यज्ञमयजन्तyajñamayajanta देवास्तानिdevāstāni धर्माणिdharmāṇi परथमान्यासनprathamānyāsan |

तेte हha नाकंnākaṃ महिमानःmahimānaḥ सचन्तsacanta यत्रyatra पूर्वेpūrve साध्याःसन्तिsādhyāḥsanti देवाःdevāḥ ||

Gods, sacrificing, sacrificed the victim these were the earliest holy ordinances.
The Mighty Ones attained the height of heaven, there where the Sādhyas, Gods of old, are dwelling.
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